https://phys.org/science-news/ en-us The latest science news on archaeology, fossils, mathematics, and science technology from Phys.org While violence prevention education has increased in U.S. schools, only one in 10 schools today require violence prevention discussions in class, according to research presented during the American Academy of Pediatrics 2024 National Conference & Exhibition at the Orange County Convention Center. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-anti-bullying-sexual-resources-schools.html Education Fri, 27 Sep 2024 00:00:01 EDT news646555422 Millennial Black women feel they have autonomy and flexibility in navigating beauty standards in their personal lives, according to a new qualitative study. But at work, they feel compelled to adapt to a more restrictive beauty standard. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-millennial-black-women-style.html Social Sciences Thu, 26 Sep 2024 15:41:03 EDT news646584061 The number of educational opportunities that children accrue at home, in early education and care, at school, in afterschool programs, and in their communities as they grow up are strongly linked to their educational attainment and earnings in early adulthood, according to new research. The results indicate that the large opportunity gaps between low- and high-income households from birth through the end of high school largely explain differences in educational and income achievement between students from different backgrounds. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-strong-link-childhood-opportunities-young.html Economics & Business Education Thu, 26 Sep 2024 14:47:52 EDT news646580863 The Family Research Council is a conservative advocacy group with a "biblical worldview." While it has a church ministries department that works with churches from several evangelical Christian denominations that share its perspectives, it does not represent a single denomination. Although its activities are primarily focused on policy, advocacy, government lobbying and public communication, the Internal Revenue Service granted the council's application to be treated as "an association of churches" in 2020. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-churches-real-irs.html Economics & Business Political science Thu, 26 Sep 2024 14:47:09 EDT news646580821 All major supermarkets and retailers that sell groceries, such as Kroger, Walmart and Costco, give large amounts of food to food banks and pantries. In 2022, retailers donated close to 2 billion pounds of food across the United States, which amounted to US$3.5 billion that year. The estimated value of donated food was a little less than $2 per pound in 2022. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-grocery-donate-expiring-food-price.html Economics & Business Thu, 26 Sep 2024 14:46:34 EDT news646580786 Should Americans be bracing for bloodshed if Donald Trump loses the 2024 presidential election? https://phys.org/news/2024-09-election-violence-political-scientist.html Political science Thu, 26 Sep 2024 14:36:04 EDT news646580161 Humans are no strangers to kicking back with a cool pint of beer. The Ancient Egyptians, for example, had a hankering for beer that was a little bit tart, almost like a modern-day gose, a lemony beer from Germany. Homer, the Ancient Greek poet, spoke of a beverage called κυκέων (pronounced "kee-kay-own), which was a mixture of grape wine and fermented grains. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-beer.html Archaeology Thu, 26 Sep 2024 14:06:02 EDT news646578361 An interdisciplinary team of researchers led by the University of Massachusetts Amherst have published work in the journal Science calling into question the conclusions of a widely reported study—published in Science in 2023—finding the social platform's algorithms successfully filtered out untrustworthy news surrounding the 2020 election and were not major drivers of misinformation. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-team-debunks-facebook-news-algorithm.html Social Sciences Political science Thu, 26 Sep 2024 14:00:01 EDT news646565823 A new study shows participating in a citizens' panel can help young people with special educational needs/disabilities to produce new policy ideas about school inclusion. The study is published in the journal Frontiers in Education. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-citizens-panels-young-people-special.html Education Thu, 26 Sep 2024 13:10:01 EDT news646574420 Prime Minister Christopher Luxon sparked debate on the future of work in New Zealand this week when he ordered public service employees back to the office. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-hybrid-worlds-worker-productivity.html Economics & Business Thu, 26 Sep 2024 13:00:01 EDT news646572736 Conflict in families can negatively affect individuals' well-being and relationships. But what exactly do families today fight about, and is conflict in the home generally more severe between couples or between parents and children? https://phys.org/news/2024-09-explores-families-communication-moods-chores.html Social Sciences Thu, 26 Sep 2024 12:30:01 EDT news646572406 One of the most daunting tasks for new leaders is making decisions that impact others. Although the average person makes thousands of conscious decisions each day—some estimates suggest as many as 35,000—when it comes to making decisions in the workplace, many hesitate. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-struggling-decisions-confidence.html Social Sciences Economics & Business Thu, 26 Sep 2024 12:19:14 EDT news646571946 New University of Otago—Ōtākou Whakaihu Waka research has uncovered the unlikely location of one of the earliest securely dated sites of sweet potato (kūmara) cultivation in Polynesia. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-unexpected-discovery-early-sweet-potato.html Archaeology Thu, 26 Sep 2024 12:06:14 EDT news646571170 Technology is often seen as a threat to democracy, with the surge in AI capabilities the latest big concern. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-social-media-platform-good-democracy.html Social Sciences Political science Thu, 26 Sep 2024 10:50:01 EDT news646566115 The theory of indirect reciprocity holds that people who earn a good reputation by helping others are more likely to be rewarded by third parties, but widespread cooperation depends on agreement about reputations. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-method-sustain-social-cooperation.html Mathematics Social Sciences Thu, 26 Sep 2024 10:28:04 EDT news646565282 People around the globe often depend on informal financial arrangements, borrowing and lending money through social networks. Understanding this sheds light on local economies and helps fight poverty. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-social-people-money.html Social Sciences Economics & Business Thu, 26 Sep 2024 10:22:05 EDT news646564922 As a physicist and data scientist with a keen interest in gender inequality, Fariba Karimi was amazed to discover that the gender gap in physics has remained almost unchanged since 1900. As the citation and coauthorship networks in physics expand, women still make up a small proportion—and the gaps between male and female are getting larger in terms of absolute numbers. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-gender-gap-physics-stable-century.html Social Sciences Thu, 26 Sep 2024 09:43:04 EDT news646562582 Financial services, like many institutions, are losing Americans' trust. That's a problem. Economies depend on a healthy financial system, as became painfully evident during the 2008 financial crisis, and that system operates largely on trust—confidence that people can access the money in their bank accounts, that their investment accounts are secure, and that their trades will be filled at quoted market prices, to name just a few everyday financial interactions. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-nobel-prize-economist-fintech.html Economics & Business Thu, 26 Sep 2024 07:50:01 EDT news646555240 Climate change is among the more difficult but important topics to teach to young people. It involves complicated science and data, and it can be really depressing, given the bleak picture it paints of Earth's future. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-climate-easier-game.html Education Wed, 25 Sep 2024 17:03:04 EDT news646502581 Supporters of both major U.S. political parties tend to claim their presidential candidate is the "real" Christian or the "better" Christian or just the "true" Christian. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-america-history-debates-religious-freedom.html Political science Wed, 25 Sep 2024 16:58:03 EDT news646502281 Before beginning its war of aggression against Ukraine in 2022, Russia had already conducted an aerial bombardment of Georgia in 2008 and invaded Crimea as well as the Donbas region in 2014. This has left politicians and researchers puzzling over the question: Would it have been possible to prevent the current war in Ukraine if countries had implemented more decisive and intensive sanction policies back then? https://phys.org/news/2024-09-tougher-political-sanctions-statistical-economic.html Economics & Business Political science Wed, 25 Sep 2024 16:42:04 EDT news646501321 A new report reveals the challenges mothers face trying to maintain a relationship with their children while in prison, and recommends additional support. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-specialist-mothers-prison.html Social Sciences Political science Wed, 25 Sep 2024 16:10:07 EDT news646497854 A new research report released by Western Sydney University and Save the Children has revealed more than 6 in 10 children with access to the internet interact with "unknown others" daily despite concerns about online grooming, highlighting children's demands for better online protection. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-thirds-children-interact-daily-online.html Social Sciences Wed, 25 Sep 2024 16:00:01 EDT news646497762 New study shows that retirees are more likely to cash out smaller retirement accounts instead of turning them into steady income streams, even though they might do the opposite with larger accounts. This choice can hurt their long-term financial security, leaving them with less stable income in retirement. For financial companies, this behavior has implications in their ability to manage assets liabilities risks (ALM). https://phys.org/news/2024-09-small-accounts-big-decisions-multiple.html Economics & Business Wed, 25 Sep 2024 15:50:12 EDT news646498178 Social media posts, speeches, advertising slogans and leaflets... Why do some of them inspire us to act while we pass others by with indifference? How can we motivate others? What signals, at the linguistic level, can persuade us to take action? How can we learn to identify these subtle methods of persuasion? Researchers from SWPS University investigated this issue. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-power-verbs-intuitive-texts.html Social Sciences Wed, 25 Sep 2024 15:27:15 EDT news646496830 A new study reveals that sex differences in academic strengths are found throughout the world and girls' relative advantage in reading and boys' in science is largest in gender-equal countries. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-gender-equity-paradox-sex-differences.html Social Sciences Education Wed, 25 Sep 2024 15:04:03 EDT news646495441 This week the New South Wales government announced it would introduce legislation that ensures renters are offered convenient, fee-free options to pay their rent. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-rent-tech-platforms-action-reining.html Economics & Business Wed, 25 Sep 2024 14:10:01 EDT news646487020 Turn-taking dynamics of social interactions are important for speech and gesture synchronization, enabling conversations to proceed efficiently, according to a study published September 25, 2024, in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Tifenn Fauviaux from the University of Montpellier, France, and colleagues. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-synchronization-social-interactions-conversations-cues.html Social Sciences Wed, 25 Sep 2024 14:00:01 EDT news646472265 The US House of Representatives is more likely to vote on climate action when it is linked with certain other environmental issues, according to a study published September 25, 2024 in the open-access journal PLOS Climate by Kayla Morton of the University of Washington, Seattle and colleagues. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-politicians-climate-action-linked-environmental.html Political science Wed, 25 Sep 2024 14:00:01 EDT news646474421 Neuroticism is one of the Big Five personality traits, characterized by a tendency to experience negative emotions like anxiety, fear, and frustration. Individuals with high levels of neuroticism are often more sensitive to stress and more likely to react negatively to challenges. https://phys.org/news/2024-09-sales-jobs-people-neurotic-employers.html Social Sciences Economics & Business Wed, 25 Sep 2024 13:40:01 EDT news646486942